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name: humanize-academic-writing description: Transform AI-generated academic text into natural, human-like scholarly writing for social sciences. Detects AI patterns (repetitive structures, abstract language, mechanical flow) and rewrites with authentic academic voice. Use when revising AI-drafted papers, improving writing naturalness, reducing AI detection markers, or when user mentions humanizing text, academic writing quality, or social science writing for non-native English speakers.

Humanize Academic Writing for Social Sciences

Academic Integrity Statement

Purpose: This skill helps researchers improve the quality and naturalness of their own original ideas expressed through AI-assisted writing tools.

Ethical Use:

• ✅ Revising AI-drafted text based on your own research and ideas
• ✅ Improving writing quality for non-native English speakers
• ✅ Learning better academic writing patterns
• ❌ Using AI to generate ideas you don't understand
• ❌ Submitting work that doesn't represent your intellectual contribution

Principle: The goal is authentic scholarly communication, not deception.

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Target Audience

Non-native English speakers in social sciences (sociology, anthropology, political science, education, psychology) who:

• Have original ideas and research
• Used AI tools to draft their text
• Need to humanize the writing style
• Want to reduce obvious AI patterns

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When to Use This Skill

• User has AI-generated draft based on their own ideas
• Text feels "too perfect," mechanical, or repetitive
• Need to reduce AI detection markers
• Want authentic academic voice for social science writing
• Paragraph transitions feel robotic
• Language is overly abstract without concrete examples

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Core Workflow

Step 1: Analyze the Text

First, run the AI detection analyzer to identify problematic patterns:

python scripts/ai_detector.py input.txt

The analyzer identifies:

• Repetitive sentence structures and lengths
• Overused AI transition phrases (Moreover, Furthermore, Additionally)
• Abstract/vague language patterns ("various aspects", "in terms of")
• Mechanical paragraph transitions
• Unnatural word choices for social sciences
• Low vocabulary diversity (Type-Token Ratio)
• Excessive passive voice
• Consecutive sentence similarity

Output: AI probability score + specific issues marked per paragraph

Step 2: Apply Targeted Rewriting Strategies

Based on detected issues, apply these fixes:

Strategy 1: Vary Sentence Rhythm (Fix Uniformity)

AI Pattern: All sentences are similar length (15-20 words)

Human Fix: Mix short (5-10), medium (15-20), and long (25-35) sentences

Example:

• AI: "This study examines social media impact. The research focuses on young adults. The analysis considers multiple factors."
• Human: "This study examines social media's impact on young adults, considering factors ranging from identity formation to civic engagement."

Strategy 2: Reduce Abstract Scaffolding

AI Pattern: Vague placeholder phrases that say little

Common culprits:

• "various aspects"
• "in terms of"
• "it is important to note that"
• "multiple factors"
• "different perspectives"

Human Fix: Replace with specific concepts, named theories, concrete examples

Example:

• AI: "In terms of the various aspects of social interaction, multiple factors play important roles."
• Human: "Social interaction depends on trust, reciprocity, and shared norms—factors that vary across cultural contexts."

Strategy 3: Eliminate Mechanical Transitions

AI Pattern: Overusing formal connectors at sentence starts

Overused words:

• Moreover,
• Furthermore,
• Additionally,
• In addition,
• It is important to note that

Human Fix: Use diverse transition strategies:

• Direct logical flow (no connector needed)
• "This pattern echoes..."
• "Building on this insight..."
• "Yet" / "Still" / "However" (sparingly)
• Implicit connections through content

Strategy 4: Add Scholarly Voice

AI Pattern: Generic academic tone without personality or critical engagement

Human Fix:

• Include appropriate hedging ("may suggest", "appears to", "potentially")
• Show critical engagement with sources
• Use disciplinary language naturally
• Demonstrate genuine intellectual grappling

Example:

• AI: "The data shows a correlation between X and Y."
• Human: "The data suggest a correlation between X and Y, though the causal mechanism remains unclear and warrants further investigation."

Strategy 5: Ground in Specificity

AI Pattern: Generic statements without grounding

Human Fix:

• Name specific theories/scholars
• Include concrete examples
• Reference particular contexts
• Cite actual studies with details

Example:

• AI: "Research has shown various effects of social media on society."
• Human: "Recent ethnographic work documents how Instagram reshapes young women's body image practices (Tiidenberg 2018), while experimental studies reveal minimal effects on political polarization (Guess et al. 2023)."

Step 3: Rewrite with Rationale

For each paragraph, follow this format:

Original (AI-generated): [Paste the original text]

Revised (Humanized): [Your rewritten version]

Rationale: Explain in 1-2 sentences what AI patterns you fixed. Examples:

• "Removed repetitive 'Moreover/Additionally' transitions and varied sentence rhythm (added one short sentence, one long); replaced 'various aspects' with specific concepts (trust, reciprocity, norms)."
• "Eliminated abstract scaffolding ('in terms of', 'multiple factors'); added concrete citation (Smith 2022) and specific research finding; included scholarly hedging ('suggests' rather than 'shows')."
• "Broke uniform 18-word sentences into varied lengths (8, 24, 15 words); removed mechanical 'Furthermore' openers; grounded claims in named theory (social capital) and specific context (urban China)."

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Key Principles for Humanizing Text

1. Perplexity (Unpredictability)

• Problem: AI text is too predictable
• Fix: Add unexpected (but academically appropriate) word choices; vary syntactic structures

2. Burstiness (Rhythm Variation)

• Problem: AI uses uniform sentence lengths
• Fix: Mix short punchy sentences with longer complex ones; create natural reading rhythm

3. Specificity over Abstraction

• Problem: AI defaults to vague abstractions
• Fix: Use concrete examples, specific data, named theories; ground claims in particular contexts

4. Authentic Academic Voice

• Problem: Generic formal tone without personality
• Fix: Show genuine engagement with ideas; include appropriate hedging; demonstrate critical thinking

5. Natural Flow

• Problem: Mechanical transitions and paragraph connections
• Fix: Let content drive connections; use implicit logic; minimize formal connectors

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Social Science Specifics

Disciplinary Language

Sociology:

• Key concepts: stratification, agency, habitus, capital, institutions, inequality
• Theoretical traditions: functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, practice theory
• Common methods: ethnography, surveys, interviews, archival analysis

Anthropology:

• Key concepts: culture, ritual, kinship, liminality, positionality, thick description
• More reflexive voice acceptable
• Ethnographic detail valued

Political Science:

• Key concepts: institutions, power, legitimacy, governance, state capacity
• Causal inference language
• Hypothesis testing frameworks

Education:

• Key concepts: pedagogy, curriculum, equity, achievement gaps, learning outcomes
• Mixed methods common
• Policy relevance emphasized

Psychology (Social):

• Key concepts: cognition, behavior, attitudes, interventions, mechanisms
• Operational definitions critical
• Experimental designs prominent

Non-Native Speaker Considerations

Common AI Crutches:

1. Over-reliance on intensifiers ("very", "really", "quite")
2. Repetitive sentence starters
3. Overuse of formal connectors to signal logic

Strengths to Preserve:

• Clear logical structure (maintain this)
• Formal register (appropriate for academic writing)
• Careful grammar (don't over-casualize)

Areas to Humanize:

• Vary clause structures and sentence types
• Use field-specific terminology confidently
• Add appropriate scholarly hedging
• Include critical engagement with sources
• Ground abstractions in concrete examples

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Additional Resources

For detailed guidance, see:

• docs/rewriting-principles.md: Comprehensive rewriting techniques with extended examples
• docs/examples.md: Full before/after rewrites of different section types (intro, methods, findings, discussion)
• docs/social-science-patterns.md: Discipline-specific conventions and terminology

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Scripts and Tools

ai_detector.py

Analyzes text for AI patterns and provides detailed scoring

# Basic analysis
python scripts/ai_detector.py input.txt

# Detailed output with paragraph-by-paragraph breakdown
python scripts/ai_detector.py input.txt --detailed

# JSON output for programmatic use
python scripts/ai_detector.py input.txt --json > analysis.json

text_analyzer.py

Provides quantitative metrics on text quality

# Analyze text metrics
python scripts/text_analyzer.py input.txt

# Compare before/after versions
python scripts/text_analyzer.py original.txt revised.txt --compare

Metrics provided:

• Sentence length distribution and variance
• Vocabulary diversity (Type-Token Ratio)
• Academic word usage frequency
• Transition word density
• Passive voice percentage
• Average sentence complexity

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Example Workflow

1. User provides AI-generated text: "Can you help humanize this paragraph from my paper?"

2. Analyze first:

   • Run ai_detector.py or manually identify patterns
   • Note specific issues (e.g., "repetitive sentence structure, 3x 'Moreover', abstract language")

3. Rewrite strategically:

   • Apply relevant strategies from above
   • Maintain the user's core ideas and arguments
   • Preserve accurate citations and data

4. Explain changes:

   • Show original → revised
   • Provide rationale explaining what AI patterns were fixed
   • Help user learn for future writing

5. Verify improvements:

   • Optionally run text_analyzer.py to confirm metrics improved
   • Check that meaning and accuracy preserved

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Tips for Effective Use

Do:

• ✅ Preserve the user's original ideas and arguments
• ✅ Maintain citation accuracy
• ✅ Keep the appropriate academic register
• ✅ Focus on patterns, not just individual words
• ✅ Explain your changes so users learn

Don't:

• ❌ Change the meaning or argument
• ❌ Add information not in the original
• ❌ Over-casualize academic language
• ❌ Remove all formal connectors (some are needed)
• ❌ Make text deliberately grammatically incorrect

Balance:

Academic writing should be:

• Clear but not simplistic
• Formal but not robotic
• Structured but not mechanical
• Precise but not pedantic

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Common Pitfalls to Avoid

1. Over-correcting: Don't make every sentence wildly different in length. Natural variation exists within a range.

2. Removing all connectors: Some transitions are necessary for clarity, especially in complex arguments.

3. Adding colloquialisms: Academic writing should remain formal; avoid casual expressions.

4. Losing precision: Don't sacrifice technical accuracy for "naturalness."

5. Ignoring discipline: Social science subfields have different conventions—respect them.

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Summary Checklist

After rewriting, verify:

• [ ] Sentence lengths vary (mix of short, medium, long)
• [ ] Mechanical transitions (Moreover, Furthermore, Additionally) removed or reduced
• [ ] Abstract placeholder phrases replaced with specific concepts
• [ ] At least one concrete example or named theory added
• [ ] Scholarly hedging included where appropriate
• [ ] Original meaning and arguments preserved
• [ ] Citations remain accurate
• [ ] Disciplinary language sounds natural
• [ ] Rationale provided explaining AI patterns fixed

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This skill emphasizes authentic scholarly communication while respecting the intellectual work of non-native English speakers using AI tools responsibly.